How Have Your Eating Habits Changed Since You Joined College?

Virginia Mwangi Name of institution Subject name September 24, 2011 Eating habits In a nutshell, I can describe the change in my eating habits since I joined college as transference from one distinct end of a continuum to the other. This is because they changed from healthy to unhealthy, regular to irregular and from eating in plentitude to small meals. The paucity of my pocket was partially responsible for the shift from plenty to minimal. With the little allowances my mom gave me for upkeep, no one was more adroit at achieving the intricate balance between my need to be stylish and food. Consequently, my meals were reduced to what may be considered by many as mere snacks. In essence therefore, the pounds I lost from eating less were compensated for adequately by my cheap but trendy dressing. On the other hand, it never really occurred to me that my college eating habits were a far cry from being healthy. The fact that mine were not exactly exceptional from those of the rest of the students contributed significantly to this. In addition, although we as students had a wealth of information on appropriate diets, we simply did not have a variety of nutrient packed food in our environment to choose from. Moreover, the readily available sumptuous fries retailed at student sensitive prices provided us with the impetus to eat unhealthy. The irregularity of my meals was not of my own making but was due to my hectic course schedule. Prior to joining college, I adhered to my meal times to the clock. However, this proved a daunting task in college since the time schedules did not strictly observe meal times. In particular, my tutorial schedule had the tenacity of coinciding with regular eating times. In conclusion, reflecting back on how my eating habits changed since I joined college makes my heart pause. In particular, the irregularity and paucity that came to characterize my meals was simply incredulous. The concept of eating healthy also seems to have been conspicuously absent as far as my eating habits in college were concerned.

Of Mice and Men †Friendship Essay

John Steinbeck shows how important a friendship is and how much two people can support each other to survive. Take this bond away and it will create a difficult and almost impossible journey for the two men in this novel. John Steinbeck portrays Lennie and George as having the greatest friendship in the world and while George claims to not need Lennie, he knows that he needs Lennie as much as Lennie needs him. The mutual relationship between George and Lennie is a genuine friendship between two very different men. Lennie, a mentally handicapped, big man with stand out features and George, the small little tough guy, with the brains and great leadership skills. As the two men are trying to escape from a mishap that Lennie is in fault for, George like always tries to back him up. George and Lennie met one day when George was talking to his friends and told Lennie to jump off of a bridge that they were both on. Since Lennie is mentally challenged he attempted this brainless act and almost drowned. George feeling great sympathy for Lennie thought of it as an obligation to be friends with Lennie to pay him back. As the two got to know each other they became great friends and didn’t stop. Knowing that Lennie was handicapped, George would always take care of him like a â€Å"cousin†. George proves that a good friendship is based on what someone’s personality is like, not how they look on the outside. George sticks around with Lennie even when Lennie does make many mistakes and almost puts George into danger. On page 34 George and Slim have a conversation. â€Å"You guys travel around together?† â€Å"Sure, we kinda look after each other† This quote shows that George isn’t afraid to say he and Lennie travel around together and isn’t embarrassed by his company. Throughout the whole novel, George always compliments Lennie on his work and his positive abilities. Good friends always stick by each other. They always back each other up and they always help out when one of them is in need. Even though Lennie never contributes to helping George, the reason isn’t because he will not. The reason for this is because George never gets into any type of trouble. Lennie is always the one who needs help, but I’m sure of it that Lennie would help George in any circumstance. When George and Lennie talk to the boss George says to Lennie, â€Å"Let me do all the talking†. George proves to help Lennie out because Lennie is not too good with his words. George and  Lennies friendship grows stronger and stronger and it grows so strong that even the part when George kills him is a sign of caring. I believe that George has always wanted the best for Lennie and he knew that Lennie would either be tortured in the end or get killed anyways. When George kills Lennie, it is in my belief that this is the biggest act of respect and love towards Lennie. George never wants to see Lennie get hurt, so this is the only way he can let Lennie live a happy life without getting hurt inside. If I were George I would do the exact same thing. It’s tough letting go of a friend, but sometimes it in the best interest of your friend. The last circumstance that showed a great friendship was when George said â€Å"We gonna get a little place (pg. 105). This showed that George wanted to settle down and live with Lennie for the rest of his life. George and Lennie had such a great friendship that they both wanted to live and know each other forever. George promised chickens, rabbits, and everything else that Lennie would ever want. He proposed to Lennie and to himself a great life with an amazing companionship. Lennie, only in the end realized how great their friendship was. He realized he took many things for granted and one of them was George. Lennie realized how much George had done for him and was soon relieved that George didn’t hate him. It’s too bad that it took Lennie that long to realize how good of a guy that George was and how much that he meant to George. I think that the most important part of this novel wasn’t who died, or the dream that they wanted. The most important thing was the closeness of the two main characters because it doesn’t happen often that a great mutual alliance is found. Usually a temporary friendship is established, like the one that almost everyone has at school. You don’t often find two students who are such great friends that they know each other until they die. Everyone is so obsessed with how expensive someone’s clothes or jewelry is that they don’t have time to look deeper into a person and find what’s inside them. The future generation is filled with a large percentage of shallow people who don’t focus enough on the person. Popularity is more important to some people for four years (high school), than a real comradeship that lasts a lifetime. That is why I think that a great relationship is close to being the most important thing in life and I think that it is the message that John Steinbeck tried to deliver to his readers.

Conflict of interest in social work policy Case Study

Conflict of interest in social work policy - Case Study Example As social workers strive to maintain the expected professional and personal ethics, they face challenges when handling ethical dilemmas. Usually, there are times when there is an evident conflict between policy and practice and social workers are compelled to make critical decisions when handling such conflicts. The code of ethics is critical in establishing certain ethical standards that define the social work profession. This paper will consider conflicts of interest as one of the ethical standards governing the conduct of social workers. It will present instances of unethical social work behavior and present scenarios whereby there is evident conflict between policy and practice. In such situations, social workers are expected to depict a professional demeanor, and this will be discussed in the paper. According to the code of ethics that social workers rely on for guidelines of their professional behavior, it is evident that they should stay clear from conflicts of interest that compromise their professional discretion motivating them to exhibit partial judgments. Social workers are required to recognize any occurrence of a conflict of interest that may arise between them and their clients and take the necessary steps to address the conflict of interest. Notably, it is the role of the social worker to protect the interests of the client. In serious cases when a conflict of interest arises between a social worker and a client, the situation compels the social worker to terminate the professional relationship (Congress, 2001). After the termination of the professional relationship, the social worker may refer the client to a colleague. These ethical standards also forbid social workers from using professional relationships with clients to promote their interests, whether personal, political, and business or religion. In addition, it is unethical for social workers develop dual or multiple

Managing Financial Resources in Health and Social Care Essay - 1

Managing Financial Resources in Health and Social Care - Essay Example Be very precise and detailed on the demands you want from each stakeholder, link stakeholders’ interest with your aims, and prioritize. In the BUPA report, they work with the government and other organization to aid in aligning the agenda and long-term policies. BUPA Company should involve all the stakeholders for the proper costing to be enhanced. (Baker 2007,pg.125).  Ã‚   The principle of consistency This principle needs the following of a similar procedure and in case of any change then an explanation to the effect is therefore ideal. BUPA Care Homes should ensure that the auditors follow similar steps in the preparation of the financial statements, without this, any change might make correct interpretation of the financial data impossible (Haldane 2011, pg 134). Principle of Transparency This principle states that for effective costing, it requires openness and honesty visibility in all transactions, ensuring that all information on procurement procedures, opportunities , and processes are well outline and publicized. In BUPA Care Homes, transparency is seen when the Directors read out the annual reports and the audited financial statements (Higgins 2004, pg 118). The materiality concept An item is considered material it affects the decision making process of the users. This is the case when the material is not stated correctly or it is omitted. Materiality concept explains that costing considers the tangibility of an item and the processes involved. In BUPA Care Homes, costing should focus on the tangibility that is attached to the residential homes and the health care service. An error that is too minor to affect anyone’s knowledge of the accounts is immaterial. In the accounts preparation, tangibility and intangibility of an item should be considered, so that resources do not go to waste in the pursuit of further detail. This is usually a very subjective exercise (Field 2007, pg. 105). Objectivity: This principle requires that an accounta nt should work with the view of promoting the aims. They should be showing high levels of neutrality while executing their duties. The accountants not be biased in their operations. This therefore means that they should keep of implementing their personal responses and wishes. They should be straightforward and focused to the facts as the case guarantees. BUPA Company should ensure that the accountants prepare detailed financial statements that are simple and easy to analyze. The accountants should therefore adopt and implement neutral grounds during the analysis of the financial data and statements (Armstrong 2004, pg 46). Causality principle: In many costing exercises, it has always been noted that the cost of payment for any event or service has a relationship with its cause. The nature of the cause therefore is used in the appropriate allocation and budgeting. BUPA should use this principle; do costing after doing proper investigation and coming with the correct findings about t he cause of an occurrence so at to reduce the chances of subjectivity. This is almost similar to the principle of the proximate cause in the cannons of insurance that states clearly that for one to be compensated; the risk that has occurred must relate directly with the property insured. In insurance the compensation cost is usually based on the amount of loss and the premiums paid are based on the nature of the property to be insured (Britton 2007, pg 34). Data accuracy principle The cost of an item is always charged after the

The Baroque Period Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The Baroque Period - Essay Example The art forms of the period are characterized as intense, immediate, and individualist (Sullivan). These characteristics were achieved through the manipulation of movement and energy of the paintings and sculptures. Most of the themes of the art forms were mainly of considerable action and lively momentum. For a case in point, consider Gianlorenzo Bernini’s David (1623). This marble sculpture was set at a dynamic point, the moment at which David was about to hurl the sling. At such point of action, Bernini added emotion by carving it out of David’s face, revealing enthusiasm, and fury out of the sculpture. As most of the figures of the Baroque, Bernini’s subject was a human figure. Naturalism was still a general attribute of baroque art, and science gradually influenced art pieces. This could be seen in David’s elaborate details of the body structure. In paintings, the same characteristics could be observed. In Caravaggio’s representation of Christ from the cross, Entombment (1603), the depicted scene shows a sense of movement and emotions. The painting engages the viewer into sympathizing with the subjects through the evident emotions depicted in the faces and movements of the figures. The emotion of the moment was captured as well through the manipulation of light, which is also an attribute of Baroque period. Such paintings were commissioned by the church to draw people into returning to the Catholic Church at the time of the Counter-Reformation.The architecture of the period was grand, like the energy.

I need to paraphrase Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

I need to paraphrase - Essay Example re cash flow, then the value of the asst is determined by discounting the future cash flows properly through taking into account the total of all the cash flows. d) The value of bonds is determined by the discounted value of the Principal and all the coupon payments and this is done through the use of discount rate. For instance, a ten year value bond that has a value of 10 % will yield value of 1000 or par. g) It can be observed that annual payment of 10 year bond is more risky compared to a similar bond of one year since the value is derived from cash flows that are closer to the current date and vice versa in case of the first one. Slight changes in the yield mean big changes in the discounted far away cash flow values. This results in more fluctuation of the 10 year bond. h) When discount rate (yield) is used to discount the future cash flows, it is assumed that the same return on the investment as the discount rate would be obtained. As commonly known, the discount rate or the current expected return constantly fluctuates depending on the market situation which means that the expected return might not be obtained. This type of risk is referred to as reinvestment risk. i) When there are semiannual payments, the number of periods used also increases. When there is a 10 year semiannual coupon bond with rate of 10% coupon while the current nominal rate is pegged at 13%, the value of the bond would be USD 834.72. j) If a 10 year bond with coupon of 10% as well prevailing interest rate of 10%, between an annual coupon bond and semiannual is bought, the semiannual one is bought while the cash flows are received more quickly. In such a scenario, both coupon rates and current interest rates are the same where there is no price difference. In the event that the coupon rate is different from the nominal rate, a difference is found. For instance, if the current nominal rate is 8%, the annual coupon bond will then be valued at USD 1134.20 while the semiannual is

The Dream Weaver by Jack Bowen Annotated Bibliography

The Dream Weaver by Jack Bowen - Annotated Bibliography Example In that context, the book, The Dream Weaver by Jack Bowen is indeed amazing in the sense that it is one of those few books that happen to bring the discipline of philosophy within the grasp and scope of the lay and ordinary people. This book is indeed praiseworthy in the sense that it rescues philosophy away from the domain of the philosophers and specialists and brings it back to its proper place, which is the center of the human curiosity and inquisitiveness. Hence, The Dream Weaver is indeed a must read for any student of philosophy as this is a book that explores the thoughts and views of some of the most important philosophers and thinkers in history in the context of the everyday concerns of an ordinary teenager. Through the medium of an inquisitive and curious teenager, Jack Bowen leads the readers through a journey into some of the most important aspects of life, and reveals as to how interesting life could get, if examined from a philosophical perspective. The entire gamut of Jack Bowen’s philosophical explorations is presented in The Dream Weaver in the form of dialogues between a young teenager Ian and a mysterious Old Man, which form the substance of the recurring dreams that Ian has. In these dreams, Ian happens to deal with many important philosophical issues like morality, life, matter, soul, knowledge, ethics, good, evil, etc. It would indeed be true to say that the character of Ian and the mysterious Old Man represent two essential features of any philosophical query, which endow the discipline of philosophy with its innate vigor and substance. Ian as a character in The Dream Weaver is a symbolic representation of the youthful and nascent sense of curiosity and inquisitiveness, without which it is next to impossible to initiate a philosophical discussion or argument.

The Zulu Culture Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

The Zulu Culture - Research Paper Example The Zulu culture is part of the Bantu society that hails from the south-west part of Africa. The Zulu have been evidenced to be in existence long before the advent of the 17th century. The culture is one of the major traditions of the South African region. The Zulu culture is intense and rich in tradition, and has been the focus of study to numerous schools of thought. The Zulu people intensely believe in three major factors of life. These factors include the importance of women in the society, the sovereignty of the ancestors, and the rituals of passage. These three factors deeply explain the Zulu culture, and their contribution to the cultural aspects of the modern world. To the Zulu, a woman’s way of life is completely different from that of the men. The woman’s special life starts right from birth and end at death. The newly born girl child is washed only with warm water only, until she attains three months of age. Female toddlers, according to the Zulu culture, are handled very gently, and with abundant love, affection, patience, and gentleness. In addition, the culture demands that the girl baby is paramount to any other thing or task. When she attains about 1 year of age, and can finally stand unaided, she is sung to by a circle of women dancers, while the elderly women clap for her. After reaching the age of three years, the women prick her ears to make six openings in her right ear, and seven in her left one (Patrick, 2008). During her child years, she is mandated to play two roles, both as a daughter, and as a sister.

General Beauregard and his early life leading up to the Civil War Essay

General Beauregard and his early life leading up to the Civil War - Essay Example During the first four years, after moving to New York, he learnt English as a second language, starting at the age of 12 years. After leaving school, he joined the US military academy at West Point, where he learnt a lot to do with the military and war (Eicher and Eicher 37-42). One of his instructors at the military academy was Robert Anderson, who was later appointed as the commander for Fort Sumter, and left the position for Beauregard after the start of the Civil War. While at the military academy, Beauregard dropped his first name, and started using Beauregard as his first name, and Tounant as his middle name. After his term at the military academy, he graduated at second position from the 1838 class, earning distinction as a military engineer and an artilleryman. Beauregard’s early years in Army career covered his service as an engineer under the command of General Scott, where he was appointed as the brevet captain, for the battles of Churubusco and Contreras; he was al so appointed as a major during the Chapultepec. He was among the first soldiers to move into Mexico City, but returned in 1848 (Eicher and Eicher 37-42). After his return, he spent 12 years he engaged in the Mississippi and Lake Defenses, while working on the construction of new and in the repair of forts along the Florida Coast and Alabama. Beauregard’s impact during the Civil War Beauregard’s presence and participation in the civil war was massive. His engagement started after he moved from New York to New Orleans, where he started offering advice on military operations to the local authorities of the area. The advice he offered included that on the need to strengthen different forts, which would secure the area from Mississippi attacks (Eicher and Eicher 37-42). After the appointment of Braxton Bragg as the commander, he was offered the post of a colonel, but preferred working as a private for the Orleans Guards. Later, he was appointed to head Charleston’s d efenses, and due to his qualifications as a military engineer and a leader, he was appointed as the first general officer in charge of the Confederate states. He also worked as a brigadier general with the transitional army of the Confederate states in 1861, and was later ousted to the post of a full general. While working at the different roles at the different areas, Beauregard facilitated the operations of the confederate states and also commanded major military activities. After his arrival at Charleston in 1861, he caused one of the most memorable victories, after his men made the first hits that marked the culmination of the civil war, forcing Anderson to surrender Fort Sumter on April 14. Following the successful attack, he received a heroic treatment, and for that matter, was placed in charge of Alexandria's line, to guard against the federal offensive that was expected from Brig’s forces. During the first Bull Run battle, he was working together with McDowell, and af ter the success of the multi-force excursions, he was acclaimed for his input and was recommended for promotion to the post of a full general. After the success of the attacks, he played a key role, together with William Miles in the creation of the Confederate Battle flag, which made the flag the confederation’s most popular symbol (Eicher and Eicher 37-42). Beauregard played a critical role in the planning of the surprise attack staged against Grant’s Army, nearly ending in victory. However, his planning

Literacy Instruction and Difficulties with Reading Essay Example for Free

Literacy Instruction and Difficulties with Reading Essay In today’s world the consequences of having students attain low achievement scores in reading can be very detrimental to both individuals and society. Students who are attaining low achievement records in literacy often correlate with the school dropout rate, poverty, and unemployment. Also the gap between reading achievement of poor and middle class students is substantial, calling for a federal regulation to ensure equal opportunities for all students no matter where they may be attending school. The standards movement and evidence-based research can have a great impact on how literacy programs are used in the classroom. Evidence-based reading instruction means that a particular reading program has a record of success. The program was tested with a group of students and there is data to show the result of the research conducted. These programs are reliable and valid in saying that the children can be expected to make adequate gains in reading achievement. Evidence-based research can be very helpful when trying to find the right literacy program to use. As there are many different types of students who learn in different ways, there will never be one single successful method of teaching children to read. When teachers are looking for literacy programs to use they should be investigating how old the students were, their current reading level, what type of setting it took place in, and if it was conducted on a one-on-one or group basis. Teachers want to find programs that have been successful and relate to their own current setting. It is crucial to make sure that the program is applicable to the students and their situation in order to have an opportunity for the program to work. Another great idea is to use this research to create your own programs based on your findings. The teacher is now becoming a teacher-researcher in order to test their own situation with their created program. This is a great way to create a program for your unique students and still have the support of research that has been shown to work. If the program is successful, it is a great idea to share it with other colleagues because it may be affective for them as well. As with any type of instruction method there are always positives and negatives. Evidence-based reading instruction promotes the fact that that particular method has had a record of being successful. Teachers can look into studies that have been tested on students similar to their own, and give these programs a try. They have been shown to be successful and provide instruction that lead to a higher literacy achievement for that group of similar students. In doing this, you know there is a good chance that the method can work with your students, as opposed to trying something new that has no research to back it up. These research studies show why and how the program works, along with providing data showing the difference it has made with the students. As stated earlier, not every child has the capacity to learn the same way. What works for one student, may not work for another. So even though these programs have been shown to work, they are not guaranteed to work for your students. As teachers in the United States we will be teaching students that come from many different cultural backgrounds. Different cultures have different opinions on the best way to educate students, however they all place great value on education for children. Some of these students may just be learning to speak English, while others have lived in the United States for their whole lives. It is important, as the teacher, to get to know each student and their cultural background. This allows you to understand the needs of the child and how they can be met. Discover the child’s strengths and weaknesses and create a plan that can be used to help that child. It is important to know what is important to each student and what may be stressed in the home. The teacher needs to take into consideration how different cultural backgrounds of students may affect the classroom dynamics and learning. Students may also have certain behaviors that are taking place in the classroom, but it could be a cultural reason for why that is taking place. The largest student group identified receiving special education services is students with learning disabilities. A learning disability is a general term that refers to a group of disorders where students may face difficulty. These disorders include learning to read, write, speak, listen, or do math. Out of all the students with learning disabilities about 80% have been diagnosed with having a reading problem. The goal for students with learning disabilities, especially reading disorders, is to be on the same academic level as our general education students. For some this is an attainable goal, where for others it is not. There are many ways we can help these students improve their literacy skills. Since many of these students are reading below grade level we need to provide them with reading materials that are at their current level. If it is too difficult they will become frustrated and may give up. These students need high interest, easy to read books so that they can begin to enjoy reading and see themselves as readers and learners. In today’s schools more than 20% of school aged children speak languages other than English at home. Many of these children have difficulty speaking English and the majority of these students having difficulty are speaking Spanish in their homes. English Language Learners need to be able to read, write and understand the English language in order to become successful in today’s classrooms. We should be focusing on the student’s strengths in order to help them understand English. One strategy is allowing students to read in their native language if they are literate in that language. This allows them to understand the same reading as another child who may be reading it in English. Many times these students are seen as reading on a lower level, but it is only because of a language barrier. They don’t understand how to read in English. There are also many books that come with translations. Having students read a book in their language and then trying to read it in English can be helpful because they understand and know what the story is about, so when they face difficulty understanding the English version they can compare and figure it out. In doing this they can also make connections to many words in their own language by using cognates. This can foster comprehension by activating prior knowledge in both languages. It is important to allow them the opportunity to read in their native language because it offers a sense of comfort and success to the student.

Case Study of Probation and Risk Management

Case Study of Probation and Risk Management Introduction The report is being completed to ensure the offender in question will cause no harm to himself or the community. Mr Jones will be released in 6 months after serving the minimum term required. Currently awaiting help from staff involved with the Through the Gate (TTG) programme (Ministry of Justice, 2014) to help with the transition, this will be his first point of contact once released. As the offence carried out by Mr Jones incorporated a violent act the HCR-20 will be used. This tool is appropriate for the offence committed by Mr Jones as the HCR-20 is designed specifically for violent offending and is a psychological decision-making tool, used throughout forensic settings (Douglas, Hart, Webster, Belfrage, Guy, Vilson, 2014). He was sentenced for causing Grievous Bodily Harm (GBH) to his neighbour and has prior motive for the use of GBH when he attacked his girlfriend, he received a community order for said offence. HCR-20 v3 H1: Presence=Yes, Relevance=High Mr. Jones first expressed violence towards a family pet at the age of 13. There is a link between childhood animal cruelty and offending (Holoyda Newman, 2016; Plant, Van Schaik, Gullone and Flynn, 2016). He often threw items around the house when angry and he was often suspended from school due to fighting. H2: Presence=Yes, Relevance=High As a young child, he was involved in antisocial behaviours that affected both his education and his home life, at 9 years old he was often out to all hours. Antisocial behaviours occur if the prosocial skills are not met and those who suffer with childhood antisocial behaviour are more likely as an adult to offend (Robins, 1978; Patterson, Debaryshe, Ramsey, 1990). H3: Presence=Yes, Relevance=High Although non-intimate relationships were bad, intimate relationships were a serious problem for Mr Jones, he had a difficult relationship with his father who abused him. Childhood maltreatment is associated with anti-social personality disorder and abused children are more at risk of violent offending (Dargis, Newman Koegnis, 2015; Wright, Turanovic, ONeil, Morse Booth, 2016). H4: Presence=Yes, Relevance=Low In terms of his employment, Mr Jones lost an apprenticeship opportunity when he was 16 and before his sentence he was unable to hold down a job. An increase in violence post-childhood sees only 14.3% employed full-time (Cauffman, Fine, Thoman Monahan, 2017) and intentional injury to a partner was also associated with intermittent employment (Kyriacou, Anglin, Tallaferro, Stone, Tubb, Lindenà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦1999). H5: Presence=Yes, Relevance=Medium Mr Jones suffered with alcoholism and drug problems, mainly cannabis and amphetamines. Those who experienced trauma are more likely to use marijuana which is linked to the levels of violence used (Burjaski, McDaniel, Lewis, Leen-Feldner Feldner, 2016). H6: Presence=Possibly, Relevance=Medium There is a possibility that Mr Jones suffers from a mood disorder due to his sudden outbursts and change in mood, he explained how he could feel happy one minute and angry the next. H7: Presence-Omit, Relevance=Omit In regards to personality disorder Mr Jones is being referred for an assessment for anti-social personality disorder. Mr Jones experienced severe impulsivity in terms of his emotions which lead to anger which is mainly associated with personality disorders (Howard, 2016). H8: Presence=Yes, Relevance=Medium As a child, Mr Jones mentioned how his father assaulted both his mother, siblings and himself. When discussing this, he appeared very agitated and detached from the situation. As a child, having witnessed parental violence was linked with adult violence and drug or alcohol abuse, as well as the likelihood of using assaultive methods (Straus, 1991). H9: Presence=Yes, Relevance=High Mr Jones attitude towards his own personal violence does not leave much to be desired. He constantly blames others for his own violent outbursts and when he acknowledges these he condones his behaviour with some form of rationale. H10: Presence=Yes, Relevance=Low He attended substance misuse groups but unfortunately still felt he would continue using drugs and held this negative attitude throughout the session. Based on drug and alcohol screening, Mr Jones had neither in his body at the time of the offence. OC-H: Presence=Yes, Relevance=Medium His education could play a role in his offending and anti-socialness as he never succeeded academically. The negative experience at school could lead to violent behaviours (Smith, Park, Ireland, Elwyn Thornberry, 2012). C1: Presence=Yes, Relevance=High Mr Jones insight is poor regarding his offence, drug abuse as well as the possibility of having a mental illness. Regarding the assessment of mental illness Mr Jones voices his opinion relating to the matter. He believes that he does not suffer from a mental condition. Evidence regarding his behaviour states otherwise as for those who use substances and have a mental illness (dual diagnosis), violence is more common (Guebert Oliver, 2014). C2: Presence=No, Relevance=Medium His intent to commit a violent act is low, he has explained how he wants to start afresh, with a new job and someday with a wife and children. The planning for a job when released should have already been started to help him gain employment (Houses of commons work and pensions committee, 2017), once a job has been obtained Mr Jones can start looking to the future. The cause of his violent outbursts is due to the anger he feels, he has mentioned he often feels angry, leading to violence. C3: Presence=Possibly, Relevance=Medium Based on what he has described regarding his feelings and emotions there is a potentiality for a mood disorder of some form. An assessment on mood disorder is required with regards to both major mental and psychotic disorders. Anger links with unipolar depression and is mostly associated with major depressive episodes (Judd, Schettler, Coryell, Aklskal, Fledorowicz, 2013). C4: Presence=Yes, Relevance=High Both mood and behaviour are an issue for Mr Jones and his mood fluctuates from day to day. Struggles with emotions and anger is associated with offending (Harrison,2012). C5: Presence=Yes, Relevance=Low Mr Jones has attended substance misuse groups but his attitude was poor. He seemed to not benefit from these at all with no attitude change to drugs which increases the risk of reoffending (Milkman Wanberg, 2012). OC-C: Presence=Yes, Relevance=High Mr Jones holds grudges against those who annoy him, his assault on his neighbour is a good indication of this. Fantasising is clinically linked with those who hold grudges and these elaborations can help strengthen the emotional well-being on that individual (Hollin, 2005). R1: Presence=Yes, Relevance=Low Regarding alcohol and drug focus groups Mr Jones has no problem with attending these but he does not find them useful, he still has the same belief. Regarding the offence neither of these substances are related. R2: Presence=Possibly, Relevance=Low Based on his intimate and non-intimate relations, Mr Jones may find it hard to find suitable accommodation, it is important he is helped when released as 55% of those with accommodation problems reoffend within one year (May, Sharma Stewart, 2008). R3: Presence=Possibly, Relevance=High His family relationships, friendships and intimate relationships all appear to be unstable. Theres constant rows between Mr Jones and members of his family or friends affecting his mental health and anger. R4: Presence=Yes, Relevance=Low Mr Jones will experience problems with receiving help in the future, attendance is superb but his learning and listening is appalling. R5: Presence=Possibly, Relevance=Medium Its established that Mr Jones certainly struggles with coping more so than stress. His coping strategy is his anger and he uses this to deal with an event (Daffern, Jones Shine, 2010). Formulation of Violence Risk The 3 Ps model will be used to gain a better understanding of the factors associated with his offence. The 3 Ps stand for: problematic, persistent and pervasive. This report shall focus on the main issues that Mr Jones experiences and relate it to the model (NOMS, NHS, 2015). Problematic These factors are classified as abnormal and cause difficulties both for Mr Jones and family or friends. To begin with the main factor that fits this title is his mental health and substance abuse. Mr Jones has not yet been assessed for both a mental health disorder or personality disorder. However, the use of cannabis is linked with an increased risk of a depressive disorder (Lev-Ran, Roarecke, Le Fol George, 2013) . With relation to the assessment of personality disorder, anger is a common theme with people who experience antisocial personality disorder (Genovese, Dalrymple, Chelminski Zimmerman, 2017; Howard, 2016) hence the need for the assessments. Persistent These are factors that were present in their adolescent years and have moved forwards with them into their adult life. For Mr Jones, there was previous use of violence in his teenage years which has now progressed into his adulthood. The risk of violence could be linked to the experience he had as a child at the hands of his father; ultimately impacting on the relationships he had with others. His first offence involved him attacking his girlfriend, he was found guilty of causing harm and the role of unemployment could explain the attack (Kyriacou et al, 1999). The behavioural perspective of offending suggests that a violent behaviour is learnt through witnessing it and then imitating the behaviour (Nietzel, Hasemann Lynam, 1999). This affected his relationships as violence would be viewed as acceptable. Widom (1989) discovered that those who were physically abused used violence the most in adulthood. It is highly possible that due to the trauma experienced, not only did he learn to act this way but it was the only way he could cope (Day, Davey, Wanaganeen, Howells, De Santolo Nakata, 2008). Pervasive The final of the 3 Ps looks at impairment within social and personal areas of their lives. The education that Mr Jones received was inadequate and could explain why he struggles in social situations. Mr Jones education was considerably lacking in the help he required, he was often violent and suspended from school. The teachers showed little to no interest in him and when they did it was only to tell him off. According to Arum and Beattie (1999) lack of education is an indicator for illegal behaviours and lack of respect to authority. His education is an explanation for why he was antisocial (Walsh, 2007) and explains why he failed to hold down a job. It appears based on the evidence obtained that the main cause of Mr Jones violent behaviour is the abuse he suffered as a child. It also points to severe mental health problems which in turn could have developed long after the abuse had diminished. In regards to psychological theory, attachment theory plays a major role. Mr Jones has the inability to establish attachments with people more so as his abuser was his parent. When an attachment is effected; the individual involved becomes detached. There is a strong link between insecure attachments and mental health issues (Macinnes, Macphearson, Austin Schwannauer, 2016). Mr Jones social and emotional development as a child was damaged by the trauma due to its nature. The damage inflicted on his emotional development impacted on his ability to feel remorseful and regarding his social development, made it difficult for him to establish secure relationships (Folger, Putnam, Putnam, Peugh, EIsmann, Saà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦2016). Mr Jones risk would be considered moderate, although he struggles with feeling remorse; he has made it abundantly clear that he wants help to change and to make himself a better person. He has openly admitted about his anger issues, his fluctuation in mood and how this effects his life. Mr Jones wants to be able to live a normal life with a secure job and intimate relationships. Self-determination theory relates to this situation as Mr Jones is aware that if he gets the help needed the reward gained is being able to have a job and a family. The outcome would be different if he believed that the reward obtained was not relating to the activity (treatment) he needed to partake in. If the reward gained correlates directly with the activity then this positively affects his motivation for change (Deci, 2012). Future Violence As Mr Jones, has been convicted of completing two acts of Grievous Bodily Harm (GBH) it is likely the next offence would be severe and it would be about 6-12 months before he committed a violent attack based on his previous history. The victims would be people he knows (family, friends, partners), there seems to be no evidence of randomized acts against people unknown to him so the public would be of no concern. The motivation for future attacks would be dependent on his emotional state at the time of the incident. It may happen purely out of anger or it could be because an act is ongoing, such as the previous incident with his neighbour. The severity of the incident would be again dependent on his emotional state and whether he is intoxicated with alcohol, drugs or both. It could cause lasting psychological and physical damage to the victim especially if they were not expecting it, if Mr Jones was provoked then the attack could be foreseen by the individual(s). Although Mr Jones certainly has anger issues, there appears to be no clear relation to a life-threatening incident. If this was the case, Mr Jones would have already acted upon his frustration and aggression. In respect to his violent outbursts there are certain things that can be looked for. If Mr Jones appears tense, frustrated/angry or provoked then these would be the typical indications of a violent attack. In the case of Mr Jones, violence is likely to occur no more than once a year, which could be altered with the correct treatment. However, it is not time limited due to his emotional instability, as his moods are constantly up and down it would be difficult to put a time predictor on his violent behaviour. Risk Management Plan Mr Jones should be monitored both whilst he is still in prison and once released. Regular appointments should be made with both a probation officer and his appointed Psychologist. He should be reassessed if his anger results in a fight or major dispute with either prisoners on his wing or staff. Once released Mr Jones should be monitored via the use of electronic systems. He could be fitted with a TAG to ensure he meets a curfew and the conditions of his release or GPS tracking could be used. Research into the use of electronic monitoring has been completed throughout the world. The most recent study by Lima Machado, De Sousa, De Oliveria Alberquerque, Garcia Villalba Kim (2017) discovered that the results of an algorithm could be applied to supporting risk assessment in relation to monitoring of re-offending. They looked at the offenders social stance to see if any crimes were being committed or planned. With regards to the use of the electronic tag it was found to be cost-effectiv e as it was cheaper than keeping the offender in prison. The results suggested that those who received the electronic tag were no more likely to offend then those who did not receive it (Marie, Moreton Goncalves, 2011). Weekly check ins with his probation officer should be arranged to ensure he is still on track regarding his release order. The events that should be looked for after release relate to arguments with family/friends or known associates (neighbours) and his levels of anger when present at his check ins. Mr Jones level of anger appears to be the main concern regarding the treatment required. There are several offender behaviour programmes (OBP) that might be useful. To begin with he should attend the CALM programme. This looks at his anger problems, teaching him to manage it and control it so it does not become a problem for him in the future (HMPS, 2017). It is mainly suitable for those where anger played a role in their offence (Canter, 2013) and involves attending 24 sessions lasting two hours and often having to attend two sessions a week. To ensure Mr Jones is making progress regular reports will be made throughout the programme and involves asking questions at the start and end of the programme to see if there have been any alterations (*What is Calm?*, 2010). Once the CALM programme has been completed, it is important that his violent behaviour is tackled. Although he has expressed that he uses drugs and alcohol they played no role in his offence and so are not a priority currently. The RESOLVE programme would work with Mr Jones and uses cognitive-behavioural interventions which aim to reduce the risk of violence, to prevent him from causing serious harm in the future (HMPS, 2017). It involves attending 21 weekly group centred sessions as well as four one-to-one sessions to track progress (RESOLVE what is RESOLVE, 2014). The amount of people who needed this form of treatment increased to 1683 in the year 2014/2015 this increase meant for a more structured approach to resources for treating violence (HM Government, 2014). The OSAP programme should also be completed to help him with his drug and alcohol problems. It mainly focuses on changing attitudes towards drug/alcohol abuse to prevent reoffending. In past treatments Mr Jones behaviour towards interventions has been a problem. A study conducted by Collins, Cuddy Martin (2016) discovered that drug treatment programmes in the UK are both cost-effective and beneficial for the drug users in terms of reducing their reoffending rate and their drug intake. Those who are not involved with a substance misuse program are more likely to reoffend (Needham, Gummerum, Mandeville-Norden, Rakestrow-Dickens, Mewse, Barnes, Hanoch, 2015). The program involves 2 sessions each week for 26 sessions overall it will help with social skills, how to avoid those involved in drug/alcohol use and planning for the future (*What is OSAP?, * 2010). Mr Jones should be supervised and attend regular meetings with his probation officer as well as meet up with someone from the TTG programme. If he feels an issue is arising, then he should contact his probation officer immediately so the situation can be assessed. His probation officer and the staff involved with the TTG programme should be his first points of contact when he feels concerned about his behaviour. There is evidence that suggests that attending probation can positively affect the offenders likelihood of not reoffending (King, 2013). The protection of potential victims is vital, as Mr Jones offense involved a next-door neighbour; he should receive help with finding housing preferably in a quiet neighbourhood where he would experience no problems from his neighbours. Other considerations include the safety of Mr Jones, after being in prison, on the outside there are potential dangers for the ex-offender. These included drug dealers and angered family members or friends. Every week Mr Jones should check-in with both his TTG mentor and probation officer, they should attempt to make Mr Jones open up emotionally. The help set up for Mr Jones decreases the likelihood of harm. He needs to focus primarily on his anger management, substance misuse as well as his use of violence. Based on the evidence put forward the chance of future violence is quite low if he attends the treatment programmes and meetings with his probation officer. If he stops attending, this should be viewed as a sign of re-offending. The next review date should be 9 months after release to ensure progress is being made. Word count: 3209; excluding references and appendices. References Arum, R., Beattie, I. R. (1999). High School Experience and The Risk of Adult Incarceration. Criminology, 37(3). Bujarski, S. J., McDaniel, C. E., Lewis, S. F., Leen-Feldner, E. W., Feldner, M. T. (2016). Past-month marijuana use is associated with self-reported violence among trauma-exposed adolescents. Journal of Child Adolescent Substance Abuse, 26(2), 111-118. doi:10.1080/1067828x.2016.1222980 Canter, D. (2013). Criminal psychology: Topics in applied psychology. (2nd Ed.). Routledge. Cauffman, E., Fine, A., Thomas, A. G., Monahan, K. C. (2017). Trajectories of violent behavior among females and males. Child Development, 88(1), 41-54. doi:10.1111/cdev.12678 Clamp, K. (2016). Restorative justice in transitional settings. (1st Ed.). Routledge. Collins, B. J., Cuddy, K., Martin, A. P. (2016). Assessing the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of drug intervention programs: UK case study. Journal of Addictive Diseases. doi:10.1080/10550887.2016.1182299 Daffern, M., Jones, L., Shine, J. (2010). Offence paralleling behaviour: A case formulation approach to offender assessment and intervention. (1st Ed.). John Wiley Sons. Dargis, M., Newman, J., Koenigs, M. (2015). Clarifying the link between childhood abuse history and psychopathic traits in adult criminal offenders. Personality Disorders: Theory, Research, and Treatment. doi:10.1037/per0000147 Day, A., Davey, L., Wanganeen, R., Howells, K., De Santolo, J., Nakata, M. (2008). The Significance of Context: Stories from South Australia. In A. Day, M. Nakata, K. Howells, Anger and indigenous men: Understanding and responding to violent behaviour. The Federation Press. Deci, E. L. (2011). Cognitive Evaluation Theory: Effects of Extrinsic Rewards on Intrinsic Motivation. In E. Aronson, Intrinsic motivation. Springer US. Douglas, K. S., Hart, S. D., Webster, C. D., Belfrage, H., Guy, L. S., Wilson, C. M. (2014). Historical-clinical-risk management-20, version 3 (HCR-20 V3 ): Development and overview. International Journal of Forensic Mental Health, 13(2), 93-108. doi:10.1080/14999013.2014.906519 Folger, A. T., Putnam, K. T., Putnam, F. W., Peugh, J. L., Eismann, E. A., Sa, T., à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ Ammerman, R. T. (2017). Maternal interpersonal trauma and child social-emotional development: An intergenerational effect. Paediatric and Perinatal Epidemiology. doi:10.1111/ppe.12341 Genovese, T., Dalrymple, K., Chelminski, I., Zimmerman, M. (2017). Subjective anger and overt aggression in psychiatric outpatients. Comprehensive Psychiatry, 73, 23-30. doi:10.1016/j.comppsych.2016.10.008 Guebert, A. F., Oliver, M. E. (2014). An examination of Criminogenic needs, mental health concerns, and Recidivism in a sample of violent young offenders: Implications for risk, need, and Responsivity. International Journal of Forensic Mental Health, 13(4), 295-310. doi:10.1080/14999013.2014.955220 Harrison, K. (2012). Dangerousness, risk and the governance of serious sexual and violent offenders. Routledge. House of commons work and pensions committee. (2017). Support for ex-offenders fifth report of session 2016-17. HM Government. (2014). Accredited programmes annual bulletin 2014 15. HMPS. (2017). Offender behaviour programmes (OBPs). Hollin, C. R. (2005). The essential handbook of offender assessment and treatment. John Wiley Sons. Holoyda, B. J., Newman, W. J. (2016). Childhood animal cruelty, bestiality, and the link to adult interpersonal violence. International Journal of Law and Psychiatry, 47, 129-135. doi:10.1016/j.ijlp.2016.02.017 Howard, R. C. (2016). The Link between Early Adolescent Alcohol Abuse and Adult Antisocial Behaviour: A Hypothesis Revisited. SOJ Psychology, 3(1), 1-6. Judd, L. L., Schettler, P. J., Coryell, W., Akiskal, H. S., Fiedorowicz, J. G. (2013). Overt irritability/anger in Unipolar Major Depressive episodes. JAMA Psychiatry, 70(11), 1171. doi:10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2013.1957 King, S. (2013). Assisted desistance and experiences of probation supervision. Probation Journal, 60(2), 136-151. doi:10.1177/0264550513478320 Kyriacou, D. N., Anglin, D., Taliaferro, E., Stone, S., Tubb, T., Linden, J. A., à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ Kraus, J. F. (1999). Risk factors for injury to women from domestic violence. New England Journal of Medicine, 341(25), 1892-1898. doi:10.1056/nejm199912163412505 Lev-Ran, S., Roerecke, M., Le Foll, B., George, T. P., McKenzie, K., Rehm, J. (2013). The association between cannabis use and depression: A systematic review and meta-analysis of longitudinal studies. Psychological Medicine, 44(04), 797-810. doi:10.1017/s0033291713001438 Lima Machado, P., de Sousa, R., de Oliveira Albuquerque, R., Garcà ­a Villalba, L., Kim, T.-H. (2017). Detection of electronic Anklet Wearers groupings throughout Telematics monitoring. ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information, 6(1), 31. doi:10.3390/ijgi6010031 Macinnes, M., Macpherson, G., Austin, J., Schwannauer, M. (2016). Examining the effect of childhood trauma on psychological distress, risk of violence and engagement, in forensic mental health. Psychiatry Research, 246, 314-320. doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2016.09.054 Marie, O., Moreton, K., Goncalves, M. (2011). The effect of early release of prisoners on home detention curfew (HDC) on recidivism. May, C., Sharma, N., Stewart, D. (2008). Factors linked to reoffending: a one-year follow-up of prisoners who took part in the Resettlement Surveys 2001, 2003 and 2004. Milkman, H. B., Wanberg, K. W. (2012). Criminal conduct and substance abuse treatment for adolescents: Pathways to self-discovery and change: the providers guide. SAGE. Ministry of Justice. (2014). Offenders get through-the-gate support for drug and alcohol problems. Needham, M., Gummerum, M., Mandeville-Norden, R., Rakestrow-Dickens, J., Mewse, A., Barnes, A., Hanoch, Y. (2015). Association between Three different cognitive behavioral alcohol treatment programs and Recidivism rates among male offenders: Findings from the United Kingdom. Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research, 39(6), 1100-1107. doi:10.1111/acer.12738 Nietzel, M. T., Hasemann, D. M., Lynam, D. R. (1999). Behavioral perspectives on violent behavior. Handbook of Psychological Approaches with Violent Offenders. doi:10.1007/978-1-4615-4845-4_3 NOMS, NHS (2015). Working with offenders with personality disorder A practitioners guide (2nd ed.) Patterson, G. R., Debaryshe, B., Ramsey, E. (1990). A Developmental Perspective on Antisocial Behaviour. American Psychologist, 44, 329-335. Plant, M., van Schaik, P., Gullone, E., Flynn, C. (2016). Its a dogs Life. Journal of Interpersonal Violence. doi:10.1177/0886260516659655 Ministry of Justice. (2014). RESOLVE what is RESOLVE? Retrieved from: http://hlnycrc.co.uk/wp/wp-content/uploads/2014/07/RESOLVE.pdf Robins, L. N. (1978). Sturdy childhood predictors of adult antisocial behaviour: Replications from longitudinal studies1. Psychological Medicine, 8(04), 611. doi:10.1017/s0033291700018821 Smith, C. A., Park, A., Ireland, T. O., Elwyn, L., Thornberry, T. P. (2012). Long-term outcomes of young adults exposed to maltreatment: The role of educational experiences in promoting resilience to crime and violence in early adulthood. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 28(1), 121-156. doi:10.1177/0886260512448845 Straus, M. A. (1991). Children as witness to marital violence: a risk factor for life long problems among a nationally representative sample of American men and women. Retrieved from: http://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED336713.pdf Walsh, A. (2007). Psychosocial Theories: Individual Traits and Criminal Behaviour. In L. Ellis. Criminology: An Interdisciplinary Approach. California: SAGE. Ministry of Justice. (2010). What is CALM? Retrieved from: https://www.swmcrc.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2010/06/controlling_anger_and_learning_to_manage_it__calm__leaflet_-_june_2010.pdf Ministry of Justice. (2010). What is OSAP? Retrieved from: http://www.swmcrc.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2010/06/offender_substance_abuse_programme__osap__leaflet_-_june_2010.pdf Widom, C. S. (1989). The Cycle of Violence. Science, 244(4901), Wright, K. A., Turanovic, J. J., ONeal, E. N., Morse, S. J., Booth, E. T. (2016). The cycle of violence revisited: Childhood Victimization, resilience, and future violence. Journal of Interpersonal Violence. doi:10.1177/0886260516651090. Appendix A Questions H1- Violence: Do you have any form of control over your violent outbursts? H2- Anti-social behaviour: How does taking drugs make you feel? Is there a reason for taking the drugs? H3- Relationships: You say you want a family, how do you plan on reaching this goal? H4- Employment- Previously you have had problems with employment, would you accept help to find a job and remain in it? H5- Links to H2 H6- Mental disorder: anger seems to be a real problem; do you feel that your state of mood controls you? H7- Personality disorder: Could you come to terms with being diagnosed with a PD and how would you cope? H8- Trauma: The experience you had with your father must impact on your life, do you think this is the case and how do you think you would overcome this? H9- Violent attitudes: The attitude you had towards violence is that you condone the use of it, would there be a time when you would not be violent? H10- Treatment: There seems to be a problem with treatment even though you attend, why might that be? OC-H- Education: Could your education explain why you behave as you do and why you use drugs, if not what do you think the cause is? C1- Insight: How do you think others would view you in terms of your risk? C2- Ideation: is violence thought about or do you lose control? Would you intentionally harm someone? C4- Instability: Does your mood cause a serious problem? C5- Treatment: Although you attend your responsiveness is lacking is this because you are not in control? OC-C- Grudges: Is holding grudges an issue? Is this why you lash out? R2 3- Living/support: When released from prison will your living situation be sorted or do you need help? How is your personal support in terms of family and friends? R5- Coping: At times everyone feels stress, however, coping seems to be a struggle, is violence your idea of coping?

Soviet Union Breakup :: essays research papers

The Breakup of The Soviet Union  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In this essay I am going to talk about the breakup of the Soviet Union and all of the events that took place before, during, and after the split up. I will look into the C.I.S (Commonwealth of Independent States), the Government, economy and the conflicts of the former U.S.S.R.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In July of 1991, President Mikhail Gorbachev and ten other Repulic leaders all met and signed a treaty giving each Republic more self-government. Five more leaders were to sign the treaty on August 20, but on the 19th of the month Communist leaders, led by Boris Yeltsin planned a coup against Gorbachev's Government. They trapped him and his family in their vacation home but he refused to give in to the demands. While this was going on, protesters held demonstrations and strikes broke out all over the country. The Commuist party was suspended in many republics, including the Russian Federation. A few days after the coup, Gorbacev resigned from the party leadership.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In September 1991 an interim government was set up until a new treaty could be worked out . This government included Gorbachev and the leaders of the other Republics.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  On December 8th Russia proclaimed itself the Soviet Union's successor. Boris Yeltsin and the Presidents of Ukraine and Belarus announced the formation of the Commonwealth of Independent States and that the U.S.S.R had no longer existed. The Commonwealth of Independent States was an association of nations that were formerly republics of the Soviet Union. They encouraged all others to join with them. On December 21, eleven republics joined, Armenia, Belarus. Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyztan, Moldova, Russia, Tajistan, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, and Uzbekistan. Georgia became a member in 1993. The headquarters were located in Minsk, Belarus. Only three republics have yet to join, they are Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The C.I.S was created for several reasons, the economies of the former republics were closely linked and most members wanted to keep some economic ties, each member also wanted to guarantee its own territory and Sovereinty, the members also sought to reassure the world that the nuclear weapons of the former Soviet Union were under reliable control. The C.I.S was created to help out new and developing countries.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Although everything seemed to be all right, they did dispute some matters, they originally only wanted to have one military between all republics but it was changed and each had its own, Russia and Ukraine argued over who owned the Black Sea Fleet, another problem was that most of the members wanted to change the currency from the Ruble so each had to create its own.

HRM Strategies Needed by Janssen Pharmaceutical Companies to Achieve High Performance Work :: Janssen Pharmaceuticals Case Study

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY High Performance Work (HPW) is absolutely essential for the associations to manage the to a great degree aggressive markets. Absence of organisational effectiveness or techniques would absolutely push the association in the negative course. In this paper Leadership and Human Resource Management (HRM) ideas are contemplated for expanding the superior working of the Janssen Pharmaceuticals. The collaboration and HRM procedures utilized by the Janssen are assessed. The assessment is carried out on the premise of proper hypothetical models. The ranges in which the association is solid and powerless are unmistakably distinguished and portrayed as a feature of the examination. Janssen which is fundamentally a Health care supplier has powerful HRM procedures. In the meantime there is so much the association can enhance in the fields like wellbeing, reasonable arrangement. Proposals for expanding the proficiency of the association are unmistakably depicted. Table of Contents Executive Summary................................................................................................... 2 Introduction ............................................................................................................... 4 Analysis...................................................................................................................... 4 About Janssen............................................................................................................ 4 Leadership†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. ............................................................................................. 5 Human Resource Management (HRM) .......................................................................6 Conclusion.................................................................................................................. 10 .Recommendations..................................................................................................... 11 References................................................................................................................. 12 INTRODUCTION For Janssen pharmaceuticals, leadership and human resource management are two essential perspectives that need to be analyse. The primary motivation behind taking these two angles it is straightforwardly connected to the High performance work (HPW) of the organization. Separated from all other criteria, leadership is a special quality that straightforwardly connected to the accomplishment of the organization, in light of the fact that it incorporates the social relations between higher powers and their minimum employees. The intermediate managers are paramount on the grounds that his predisposition part of leaders and supporters (Clegg, et.al 2011). The relationship of representatives with the top level administration is not entrenched for Janssen, may be a direct result of the absent of immediate contact with one another. There are different exercises included in the Human resource management. They are enrolling the workers, setting up the choice and remuneration techniques. It additionally incorporates execution administration frameworks, offering the data and including the workers in an extensive manner. All these exercises are done in a thorough way for procuring, creating and retaining the talented workforce. All these practices are by and large considered as high responsibility or high inclusion frameworks. In less difficult terms they are alluded as high performance works (HPWS). This idea is identified with strategic human resource management (SHRM). SHRM positively includes the managerial movements identified with communication and participation, preparing and advancement, recruitment and staffing and execution administration and compensation (Anthony et.

The Political Principles of Thoreau Essay -- Politics Political Essays

The Political Principles of Thoreau Henry David Thoreau was, in many ways, ahead of his time in his political beliefs. During his brief life, he lectured occasionally and struggled to get his writings published. Gaining very little recognition during his lifetime, his death in 1862 went virtually unnoticed, and his true genius as a social philosopher and writer was not fully recognized until the twentieth century. Ironically, "Civil Disobedience," the anti-war, anti-slavery essay for which he is probably best known, has become a manual for social protest by giving support to the passive resistance of Mohandas Gandhi, Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr., and other conscientious objectors (Paul 233). Thoreau’s "Civil Disobedience" was mainly a protest against slavery: "I cannot for an instant recognize the political organization as my government which is the slave’s government also" (854). On a deeper level, the essay was a general protest against any form of political injustice and an affirmation of the obligation of passive resistance, encouraging individuals to disobey any laws they felt were unjust. In 1846 while living at Walden, Thoreau demonstrated the doctrine of passive resistance when he was arrested for not paying poll taxes because of his opposition to Texas entering the Union as a slave state and his opposition to the Mexican War. He was robbed of the chance to test the tax when he was released from jail the next day after a relative paid what was owed. Desiring to make the public aware of the abolitionist cause, Thoreau composed an essay that considered the rights and duties of the individual in relation to government. He noted that man is not bound to a government that legislat... ...bove any unsatisfactory situation in life through the power of intellect. Thoreau’s summation of the role of government is eloquently stated in these lines from "Civil Disobedience." "There will never be a really free and enlightened State until the State comes to recognize the individual as a higher and independent power, from which all its own power and authority are derived, and treats him accordingly" (867). Works Cited Meltzer, Milton, ed. Thoreau: People, Principles, and Politics. New York: Hill, 1963. 80-88. Paul, Sherman, ed. Walden and Civil Disobedience. By Henry David Thoreau. Boston: Houghton, 1960. 231-233. Thoreau, Henry David. "Resistance to Civil Government." The Norton Anthology of American Literature. Fifth ed. Ed. Nina Baym. New York: Norton, 1999. 852-867. "Transcendentalism." The World Book Encyclopedia. 1994 ed.

Access to the Bendee Essay

The availability of relevant local culture, indigenous practices and knowledge combined with new ideas in technology and science can generate successful sustainable community development through innovation. Indigenous knowledge will not only contribute to the success of intervention, but better still its sustainability into the future. Numerous indigenous communities worldwide have always developed, operated and acted to different life challenges using indigenous methods passed on from one generation to the next. Our main focus in this paper will be to study and design a simple bridge, highlighting the use of relevant traditional and indigenous knowledge and cultural heritage amongst the Aboriginal people and technology to create a way across the Nebine Creek. Introduction Access to the Bendee Downs site requires vehicles to cross the Nebine Creek which remains impassable during the wet seasons. The site is a ten hour car trip from Brisbane, the closest city with a major airport, and can be accessed via the Murra Murra Road off the Balonne Highway or the Munda Munda Road and east via Fernlee Road. See more: Analysis of Starbucks coffee company employees essay Nebine River is approximately twenty meters wide. The bridge design would respect the Nebine Creek’s cultural importance to the Kooma People; it provides a place where they can identify with their homeland and share their culture hence should be protected (EWB Challenge, 2010). The property has become a conservation icon for the region due to its conservation values. About 40km of the Nebine Creek flow through the properties and it has a 4km permanent waterhole behind the old homestead. During the rainy seasons, the wetlands render the river impassable yet still it hosts a vast diversity of birds and fauna hence rendering it regionally, nationally and internationally valuable (EWB Challenge, 2010). Our design had to borrow much from the indigenous knowledge of the local community in conserving the site to design a technologically sound bridge. The following were considered in the design process: †¢ The maximum load it can support at the middle. †¢ The maximum load divided by the weight of the bridge (a measure of efficient use of materials) †¢ Aesthetic appeal of the final project to give the conservation efforts a boost. †¢ The materials to be used. We settled on locally available materials like wood to make it affordable and to make use of indigenous knowledge. The design process was geared towards solving the problem of impassable road by building a beam wooden bridge that would be capable to allow even small vehicles to go across. This was supposed to present a creative solution and involve teamwork in implementing the design. Background Information Indigenous knowledge, sometimes referred to as ‘local knowledge’, ‘traditional science’ or ‘folk knowledge’ is a form of knowledge that is unique to a culture or society. It is passed from generation to generation by word of mouth and cultural rituals and has been applied in almost all forms of life including cooking, health care, agriculture, conservation, education and several other facets of life that have sustained societies the world over. The indigenous way of practical learning has been interrupted by the abstract form of formal and academic way of learning witnessed presently (Fien, 2010). As the indigenous knowledge disappears, with it goes the valuable knowledge about ways of living sustainably. In order to fulfil our objective of the design project, first we sought to find how the Aborigines lived and travelled in the past. This we did to help us understand the local conditions and provide a productive context for our design to help the community. Traditionally Aboriginal people carried as little as possible in their journeys and usually chose implements which were multi-purpose. They would revisit favourite campsites of previous years where they had left that were too heavy to carry. These items would be left closer to water so that it wouldn’t need to be carried far. The women carried items on their heads and would make a ring shaped cushion of human hair, manguri, to wear when carrying heavy loads such as a big wooden dish etc. Men sometimes after hunting would carry a kangaroo on their heads. They carried their babies in a pouch in the back of a possum skin cloak (Berowra Valley Regional Park, 2010). This knowledge was very important in choosing the best type of bridge. Types of Bridges Several types of bridges are in existence today such as: Beam Bridges, Box Girder Bridges, Arch Bridges, Truss Bridges, Suspension Bridges, Cable Stayed Bridges. Examples of these bridges are included in the appendix Beam Bridges A beam bridge is very simple. The farther apart its supports are, the weaker it becomes. Although the beam needs careful design, it is cheap and easy to manufacture but this compromises on its beauty. Box Girder Bridges This is similar to the beam bridge but with a girder, box shaped, which makes it stronger. The girder needs careful design; it is cheap and easy to manufacture but not very beautiful. The performance of a beam bridge can be improved by using supports i. e. arches, trusses, cables. Arch Bridges Being one of the oldest types of bridge, they have great natural strength. Instead of pushing straight down, its weight is carried outward along the curve of the arch to the supports at each end. These supports or abutments carry the load and keep its ends from spreading out. Although they are heavy, they are strong if well designed and can be very beautiful. Truss Bridges Truss bridges are mostly empty space, but very effective. They are made of thin triangulated assemblies of metal members. They have a very good strength to weight performance and can be incorporated into any design. They are usually very beautiful. Suspension Bridges A suspension bridge as its name suggests, suspends the roadway from huge main cables extending from one end of the bridge to the other. All the highly stressed parts of a suspension bridge are in tension apart from the towers. These cables which rest on top of towers are secured at each end by anchorages. They have a high aesthetic value, are light and strong. They span greater distances, are expensive and are susceptible to wobble if designed improperly. Cable-Stayed Bridges The cables are attached to the towers which bear the load alone. They are very beautiful and require less cable. They are easier and faster to build but require stronger towers. Core Material – The design process Design of an arch bridge. Initially, a suspension bridge and other options were considered but because of the sandy nature of the place and foundation limitations, we decided on an arch bridge. We set to design a timber bridge over the Nebine Creek not only capable of carrying pedestrians and animals but also motor vehicles. This bridge would be built on concrete and stone abutments for the many girder span designed. Instead of pushing straight down, the weight of the bridge (mainly made of laminated softwood) is carried outward along the curve of the arch to the supports at each end. These supports or abutments carry the load and keep its ends from spreading out. The abutments should carry a span of 22 meters. Four pairs of wooden beams, running lengthwise to the in relation to the bridge i. e. ‘longitudinal’, will rest on hammerhead bearings. The wooden beams are made of wooden pieces put in layers and glued together to form a larger beam. The layers, which are glued laminated wooden beams to make them more durable, are laid horizontally to form the main beam. Each pair measures 1 meter by 0. 5 meters, 15 centimetres thick. The span is 22 meters. The beams are to be made of softwoods like pine which are readily available in the community. To hold the pieces together firmly, metal brackets would be used to bolt the pieces together. On top of the stringers, small pieces of timber would be laid across and a coating of asphalt pavement would provide the road wearing surface. Since the stream has high banks and can hold rising waters caused by a flash flood during the rainy season, a concrete and stone arch bridge was chosen. The goal was to maintain the level of the road to allow for maximum potential stream flow. Traditionally, each family amongst the Aboriginal people would have a canoe, made from a single sheet of bark heated under low temperatures and then bent into shape. These canoes were used for fishing and crossing rivers especially during the rainy seasons. A base of clay built in the bottom of the canoe, would be used to light fire to cook some of the fish caught from the river. The remainder of the fish would be brought ashore to be shared amongst the rest of the people. Crossing rivers, they would put logs across minor streams and sometimes large rocks would be used (Berowra Valley Regional Park, 2010). Examples of these are shown in the appendix. A simple model would be made of wood to test the usability of the bridge. A bridge plan diagram was drawn to determine the amount necessary; this was done by tracing on the arch at the bottom with a pencil. On the model, an allowance of 10 inches is left from the end of the boards on the bottom cut to allow plenty of support on the stringers to carry the weight of the bridge. The amount of arch on the model was determined by using tack and string to make the arch. Wood glue is used to attach the pieces together, the cut out pieces are attached to the top of the stringer with a bead of wood glue and small screws (they are put on the underside so that they do not show. The pieces are then brought together to form the model beam.

Analysis of Sprint Nextel Essay

Sprint Nextel Corporation is principally a holding company operating principally through two divisions: Wireline and Wireless. Incorporated in 1938, Sprint is a communications company offering a range of wireless and wireline communications products and services that are designed and marketed to individual consumers, businesses, government subscribers and resellers. Its operations are organized to meet the needs of its targeted subscriber groups through focused communications solutions that incorporate the capabilities of its wireless and wireline services. Its services are provided through its ownership of extensive wireless networks, an all-digital global long distance network. The Company offers wireless and wireline voice and data transmission services to subscribers in all 50 states, Puerto Rico, and the United States Virgin Islands under the Sprint corporate brand, which includes its retail brands of Sprint, Nextel, Boost Mobile, Virgin Mobile, and Assurance Wireless on networks that utilize third generation (3G) code division multiple access (CDMA), integrated Digital Enhanced Network (iDEN), or Internet protocol (IP) technologies. The Company also offers fourth generation (4G) services utilizing Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMAX) technology through its mobile virtual network operator (MVNO) wholesale relationship with Clearwire Corporation and its subsidiary Clearwire Communications LLC (together Clearwire) and, in October 2011, it announced its focus to deploy Long Term Evolution (LTE) technology as part of its network modernization plan, Network Vision. Sprint Nextel’s headquarters are located in Overland Park, Kansas, United States. Dan Hesse is the President and C. E. O.  Sprint is a tier 1 global Internet access service provider. Sprint Nextel is the United States’ third largest long distance provider by subscribers. In 2006, the Sprint Nextel exited the local landline telephone business, spinning those assets off into a newly created company named Embarq, which CenturyTel acquired in 2008. Sprint owns a 47. 1% interest in Clearwire Corporation and also an 18% interest in NII Holdings, which operates under the Nextel brand in Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Mexico and Peru. Sprint Nextel was the first to offer a consumer available 4G phone, the HTC Evo 4G, in the United States on June 4, 2010. Prior to 2005, the company was known as Sprint Corporation. The company took its current name, Sprint Nextel Corporation, when it merged with Nextel Communications that year. Financial Performance for Periods 2008-2010 Over the three years under review, Sprint Nextel Corp. has revenue has dropped from $35. 6B in 2008 to $32. 2B in 2009, with a modest increase to 32. 5B in 2010. But overall Sprint revenue has been fairly consistent. Gross Profit margin has also been on a downward trend year over year; 2008 53%, 49% and 46%. Despite this trend Sprint has been performing better than the industry benchmark of 41%. EBITDA/Operating Income Margin has been consistently negative from -2. 44% in 2008 to -3. 15% in 2009, and -1. 63% in 2010. While this statistic is very worrisome, the company has been able to reduce selling, general and administrative costs over the three years from $11. 355B in 2008, to $9. 438B in 2009, to $9. 438B in 2010. Though this cost reduction imitative is very encouraging, Net Losses have been going in the wrong direction, increasing from-$2. 796B in 2008, to -$2. 436B, and -$3. 465B. Sprint’s debt ratio has hovered between 65% in 2008 to 71% in 2010. The company’s creditors would be concerned that there is not a greater cushion against losses in the event of liquidation, stockholders on the other hand would want more leverage because it magnifies expected earnings. Stockholders would be very concerned on the company’s return on common equity: which are -14. 03% in 2008, -13. 46% in 2009, and -23. 82% in 2010. From a cash perspective, Sprint has been managing it cash resources relatively well. There have been massive investments over this period most of which have capital expenditure ($3. 8B in 2008, $1. B in 2009, and $1. 9B in 2010). These investments in capital expenditure, highlights the firm’s serious emphasis on growing its product base, and improving the functionality and seamless integration of its technology. Stock Performance for Periods 2008-2010 Sprint’s stock price at the close of market in 2010 was $3. 77 which represents a 79. 31% drop from the period high price of $10. 53 at January 02 2008. The company’s stock price has reflected its struggling financial performance. The stock current 52 week range has been $2. 10-$4. 60, and beta of 1. 09. The stock beta measures the volatility of the security in relation to the volatility of the benchmark market indice (which in this case is the overall financial market) that the stock is being compared to. Beta measures the part of the asset’s statistical variance that cannot be removed by the diversification provided by the portfolio of many risky assets, because of the correlation of its returns with the returns of the other assets that are in the portfolio. Sprint’s stock Beta estimate Beta is calculated using regression analysis. A beta of 1 indicates that the security’s price will move with the market. A beta of less than 1 means that the security will be less volatile than the market. Sprint’s beta of greater than 1 indicates that the security’s price will be more volatile than the market by 9%. However three of Sprint’s major competitors have signficantly better beta estimates; AT&T 0. 58, Verizon 0. 51 & Duetsche Telekom 0. 71 (Average Industry Beta 0. 60). When measured against the Industry, Sprint’s stock has more volatility and is more susceptible market forces. Conversely, most high-tech Nasdaq-based stocks have a beta of greater than 1, offering the possibility of a higher rate of return, but also posing more risk.

Blind People

Blind cane Our s-cane will have several unique features that will outstand and give our product a chance to compete with the other existence cane out there in the market. 2. 3. 1 Unique features * Build in Global Positioning System (GPS) that will help in navigating the blind person to the place that he or she wishes to go to. * Earphone provided to aid the blind person in hearing commands given to them by the s-cane. * Build in ultrasonic sensor that will help in identifying obstacles ahead to prevent the blind person from hitting or misjudge the path that they are walking into. Retractable front end tip of the cane that will help the blind person in keeping their s-cane safe in their bag or even their pocket. * The s-cane also has a build in radio that can provide some entertainment to the blind person. At the moment there are no smart cane on the market yet, but there are several researches and also some prototype that has been developed by other countries on this smart cane. 2. 6 Opportunities for the expansion of the product.There will be some possibilities that this s-cane will be expanding on the market and will probably receive a high in demand on the market especially when we were able to market this product at a reasonable and affordable price. We are hoping that our product can be used widely by the blind person all over the world and will have a positive impact on the daily life of a blind person. Although it is a new product but, the function and also the unique features embedded in the s-cane will contributes a lot in aiding the blind person’s daily routine in either going to work, walking down the street or even walking their children to school.To increase the chances of having a higher opportunities in expanding this product, we were also thinking of collaborating with other big company out there such as Samsung, LG, Philips ad much more. This will help a lot to our product in expanding its new invention to the people out there that have never heard of it before. People as we know will go for a known brand as compared to those new developed brand out there. So, by collaborating our s-cane product with the company out there we will be able to market the s-cane more widely and much more easily.

Marcos’ family Essay

Unlike the Antagonist, the protagonist is introduced from the first scene, Eddie Carbone. At first we don’t see him as the mean and vicious person he later turns out to be. From this we get an understanding as to what kind of ‘hero’ he is. During the course of the play Eddie becomes an evil ‘hero’. Making the protagonist an evil person makes the play more effective. At no point does Eddie actually break the law, but instead breaks the rules of society. The society in which Eddie lives, (full of Italian immigrants) has made it a golden rule not to snitch, not to tell on anyone that may be doing something wrong in the governments eyes but not in theirs. Eddie makes this the first thing that Catherine and Beatrice have to know before the arrivals of the cousins. He tells them a true story about Vinnie B, how he betrayed his family by snitching to the authorities about the illegal immigrants his family was hiding. As a result Vinnie gets treated like a foreigner in his own family, and gets thrown down the stairs and has to leave the house despite being the youngest. In this play there is unity of time, place and action, all the action appears to be continuous in one place. Miller brings unity into the play, everything happens over a period of time there are no gaps except the gap between Acts 1& 2 allowing time for Catherine and Rodolfo’s relationship to grow; the unity in this play brings all the action, betray and romance in one place so it gives the audience a better understanding as what is happening. Whereas if one thing was happening in Jersey and another thing in New York it wouldn’t keep the audience interested. Miller creates a sense of pity and sorrow over the audience at the very end of the drama. Eddie ringing the Immigration Bureau brings us to the catastrophe. It is Marco who breaks the law. We, as the viewers, believe that Marco has done nothing wrong but to defend his beliefs, which is to protect his name and by doing so protecting his family. Eddies manliness was challenged when Marco confronted him to a chair lifting contest; this warned Eddie to stay away from Rodolfo. Mixing the pathos and misery with the catastrophe of Eddie’s death makes the drama much more effective. After taking a traumatic journey through Eddies mind, the audience is left to think that he will never love Beatrice again because he has been showing all his emotions, especially ‘lust’ the feeling that is usually associated with couples, towards her niece, but Miller surprises us because Eddie reclaims his love for his wife Beatrice, this is a very tear-jerking scene. He turns what the law says is right into a moral wrong, by having Eddie obey the law and telling the authorities that there are illegal immigrants in the community, but by doing so he is also put the lives of Marcos’ family in Sicily in jeopardy. Miller has borrowed many elements from the Greek Tragedy; he has used the prologue to set the basis of the play, which gave a strong sense of fate from the beginning that something awful is going to come out of Eddie taking in the two cousins. Miller has used Eddie as the Protagonist and also an evil hero. The unity of time and place has been used through out the whole play to give the audience understanding; having things done within 24 hours was significant as to what happened the next day. To have many scenes in separate places may have confused the audience. Miller made the chorus more effective by using the narrator (Alfieri) as the voice behind the story, he expressed the traditional morals and the social attitudes that the audience relate to. The pathos has been used several times in this piece of drama, one example being, when Eddie reclaims his love for Beatrice. This was a tear-jerking scene in the drama, not just making the play dramatic but allowing the audience to feel pity and sorrow for Eddie. Miller borrowing such elements has made the play more effective.

Homicide Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Homicide - Essay Example Most of the individuals who commit murder are males. In 2005, the males were ten times more likely to commit murder than females (U.S. Department of Justice 2007). Since 1976, the male individuals have been very dominant in committing murder and in 1980s and 1990s the males were 20 times more likely to commit murder than females. Since the early 1980s, the offending rates of the females declined and became constant after 1999 (U.S. Department of Justice 2007). In 1976, the homicide rate for male offences began at 16.3 per 100,000 (U.S. Department of Justice 2007) of population which remained constant till the next year. The rate increased to 20.6 (U.S. Department of Justice 2007) in the early 1980s and then fell to around 15 percent in 1985. These statistics for males and females offence rates are summarized in Figure 1. The biggest reason for the male dominance in homicide offence is that the males are largely involved in drug abuse and overuse of alcohol. When these individuals are drunk or drugged, their ability to make decisions is diminished and the risk of committing crime increases. Killing done by men, which related to drugs accounted to almost 95% offences while for females, it was only around 5% (U.S. Department of Justice 2007). This shows the correlation between drugged men and homicide is very high. Gang wars and gang related offences are big contributors to homicide. The victims of gang related homicides are 95% males and the offenders are about 98 percent (U.S. Department of Justice 2007), which shows us that most of the individuals who are part of gangs are males. Males are more likely than females to step into arguments with their neighbors, acquaintances and even strangers. Males are also more likely to become revengeful and lose temper than women. This causes them to take revenge from the victims in the form of murder. Therefore we can see a clear and

Air pollution in Al Ain Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Air pollution in Al Ain - Essay Example The most recent secondary data indicates that air pollution in Al Ain is the leading at 66.67% followed by drinking water pollution at 25%. This has to be established and a way to reduce such extraneous impacts be suggested. Air is an important resources God given free and human beings would only do well by protecting it and its use for the future generation (Book, 2009). This forms my basis of the research I intend to conduct in Al Ain. Al Ain is a city within the United Arab Emirates and this is the region that I intend to conduct my research. My respondents in this research will be the general population within Al Ain. I intend to sample a considerable number across all the gender and ages within the region (Lomborg, 2001). I believe that this region and the selected participants will help in establishing the exact impact of air pollution in this area (Book, 2009). In addition, it is highly anticipated that from the analysis of the data provided by these participants a clear way f orward will be established on how to handle the menace. This will be within Al Ain as well as the other regions of the UAE affected by pollution due to industrialization and human activity (Currie & Neidell, 2004). Through secondary research, I have found the following information to be of much importance in formulating my research. First, Air pollution is a big part of pollution affecting major cities in the world apart from just Al Ain. Such a form of pollution is composed of a mixture of solid particles and gases in the air. We also have car emissions, chemicals from factories and pollen as other causative agents of air pollution (Apling, 2000). Secondly, air pollution is irrespective of whether it is indoors or outdoors exposes individuals in millions throughout the world to huge health risks (Sastry, 2000). As a result, such individuals have recorded acute conditions of asthma, emphysema, lethal heart diseases, and other numerous conditions (Lomborg, 2001). In Al Ain alone, mil lions get infected everyday due to the bad air condition in which they are exposed. Next, humanity is not protected well by the laws formulated to handle air pollution menace. For example, the Environmental Protection Agency set in 1979 has done little and this necessitates for major changes and restructuring to be done to enable the rules and guidance on air pollution to be effective (Sales & Folkman, 2000). Research has it that the most polluted countries are the developed due to industrialization. This leaves the developing countries, which are at times even more industrialized and hence air pollutants unmonitored. Consequently, such countries proceed with the evil act leading to the deterioration of the atmospheres and the air that we breathe (Apling, 2000). Al Ain id not quite a big city in terms of geographical size while it is quite intense in terms of industrial activity most so in the construction sector. As a result, the city has high impacts on air pollution from the chem icals produced by such industries to the immense dust due to the nature of production rampant within the region (Miller, 2007). Governments have tried and taken initiatives to limit emissions into the air such as carbon dioxide and any other greenhouse gases (Simioni, 2004). For example, through the Kyoto protocol and putting of taxes on carbon emissions and other causative agents like gas. On the contrary, this is not enough hence the need for a collective activity to curb the menace (Browning, 2010). In conclusion, all parties and

Windows 7 Workgroup Consultation for Sally Chu Assignment

Windows 7 Workgroup Consultation for Sally Chu - Assignment Example Keywords: UAC, user access controls, administrative users, users, Windows 7, workgroup, network Windows 7 Workgroup Consultation for Sally Chu In order for Sally to grant all six of her administrative staff members the same computer-access privileges, to allow them to run applications and use network printers, but not be able to make any accidental changes that can adversely affect their computers, the most effective and efficient way to create user accounts for these employees would be as follows. The first step would be to setup the profile for Sally’s administrators. In order to ensure that the administrators cannot make any changes that would adversely affect the computers themselves, the best bet is to setup the administrators on a standard user profile, instead of an administrator profile, as the administrator profile would have complete access to make any and all changes, while the standard use can use most software and change system settings that do not affect other us ers or the security of the computer itself. Once the standard user is setup, the next step is to setup the parental controls for that standard user, allowing for the use of games to be filtered out, and blocking any specific programs that she does not want the administrators to have access to, by setting the profile to only be able to use the programs from an allowed list, as specified by herself. Once the account is setup, and the parental controls are put in place, the settings in UAC, or User Account Controls, would need to be set, providing notification when programs try to make changes to the computer. This must be done for each profile that needs to be created, for a total of six (Microsoft, 2013). As Sally would like to provide a high level of authentication for her network’s users, she would like a dual authentication process. Two of the different methods that she could use in conjunction with requiring a password for network access are the option to use EAP (Extensib le Authentication Protocol), and setting to allow certain protocols. Selecting â€Å"Use Extensible Authentication Protocol† allows the selection of using one of three protocols for authenticating the VPN connection: Protected EAP (PEAP), EAP-MSCHAPv2, or Smart Card or Other Certificate; all three options will ensure the security and data integrity of the EAP conversation through the use of encryption. The default setting is EAP-MSCHAPv2, which is also known as Secure Password. By selecting the properties for EAP-MSCHAPv2, the ability to configure the connection to use the Windows login credentials in order to authenticate the connection. Selecting â€Å"Allow These Protocols† instead as the other alternative for providing the second level of security to the network connection will allow for the choice between three different connection types, all of which can be set to configure the Windows login credentials to be used; the three different authentication protocols tha t can be used by the connection are PAP, CHAP, or MS-CHAPv2. â€Å"The choice of these three types of authentication methods will only apply to PPTP, L2TP/IPsec, or SSTP tunnels; IKEv2 tunnels can only use EAP-MSCHAPv2 or certificates as their authentication methods† (Sourcedaddy.com, 2008). While there is an advantage into having the user’s use their Windows login credentials, namely that they will not have to remember a third set of login credentials, the disadvantage is that if an unauthorized user obtains that information, that will give them that much more access to the network itself. The user access controls set for the profiles themselves will ensure that the web based applications will run in protected mode, and by allowing the particular programs on the intranet in the